Servet Clinical Guide Chronic Kidney Disease

This Servet Clinical Guide on chronic kidney dis-ease provides veterinary surgeons with the most up-to-date information on this disease to help them establish diagnosis and select the most appropriate treatment for each patient. Readers are provided with a series of guidelines, presented in a visual and dynamic manner, that will help them develop an effective relationship with the owner and explain the key aspects of their pet’s disease.

Authors

CARMEN MARÍA PINEDA MARTOS

Master’s degree in Animal Health, Medicine, and Improvement and PhD in veterinary medicine from the University of Córdoba. Member of several research groups. She currently works at the Internal Medicine Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Córdoba.

IGNACIO LÓPEZ VILLALBA

PhD in veterinary medicine from the University of Córdoba and professor of internal medicine and clinical examination techniques at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Córdoba. Author of over 70 scientific publications in international journals specialising in internal medicine

Contributor: María Luisa Suárez Rey

KEY FEATURES:

➜ Comprehensive review of diagnostic and treatment protocols.

➜ Includes guidelines to improve communication with owners of pets with chronic kidney disease.

➜ Information presented in a visual and attractive manner.

Table of contents

1. Visit to the clinic

What is chronic kidney disease?

What is the first sign that the owner observes?

Anamnesis to guide the diagnosis

  Risk factors

  Differential clinical signs

Clinical examination protocol

  Points to which particular attention should be paid

2. Diagnostic protocols

Identifying the primary disease

Most common laboratory alterations

  Haematology

  Blood biochemical analysis

  Urinalysis

  Acid–base and electrolyte analyses

Blood pressure measurement

Useful diagnostic imaging tests

  Radiography

  Ultrasound

  Computed tomography

  Magnetic resonance imaging

  Scintigraphy

Specialised diagnostic tests

  Estimation of glomerular filtration rate

  New markers of renal function

  How to manage phosphocalcic metabolism disorders

  Renal biopsy

Staging and diagnostic criteria for CKD

3. Communication with the pet owner

How to inform the owner

  Can an animal with CKD be cured?

  Can disease progression be predicted?

CKD prognosis

  How long can an animal live with CKD?

  What factors influence survival time?

  Guidelines to follow once diagnosis is established

4. Treatment protocols

Medical treatment of the patient

  Dietary modification as a fundamental pillar of treatment

  Correction of dehydration and management of acid–base and electrolyte alterations

  Treatment of gastrointestinal signs

  Treatment of anaemia

  Treatment of hyperphosphataemia

  Treatment of hypertension

  Treatment of proteinuria

 Other treatments

 - Calcitriol

 - Mesenchymal stem cell therapy

 - Probiotics

 - Calcimimetics

Control of uraemic crisis in cases of exacerbation of CKD

Use of replacement therapies

5. Guidelines for the owner: follow-up

Owner involvement, a key element in the management of CKD

What signs should be monitored once diagnosis is established?

How often should periodic check-ups be performed?

  How often should a patient with CKD visit the veterinary clinic?

  What should we do when the disease progresses to terminal stages?

6. Appendix

Suggested treatment protocols according to IRIS CKD stage