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A practical book that will answer your questions about how to perform the right X-Ray and will help you to avoid unnecessary repetition of exposures. It explains the radiographic positions for the examination of every organ or structure as well as the appropriate radiologic parameters.
Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens characterized by respiratory signs comprising gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. In addition, severe respiratory distress may occur in young chickens. Respiratory distress, decrease in egg production, and loss of internal egg quality and eggshell quality have been reported in layers. Some strains of the virus produce severe kidney damage and may be associated with high mortality.
After the introduction in the 1980s of minimally invasive surgery in human medicine, laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery started to take hold also in veterinary medicine. Thanks to its reduced invasiveness and its fast post-operative recovery, minimally invasive surgery started to expand so quickly that nowadays it has become the preferred technique for many surgical procedures. Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy in the dog and cat is a comprehensive book that describe all the minimally invasive surgical procedures.
