Due to the introduction of ultrasound, the acquisition of new anatomy and sonoanatomy knowledge, as well as recent discoveries on the role of the fascia, regional anesthesia has undergone a process of "evolution-revolution" in the last decade and now is playing a key-role in surgery and postoperative pain management, allowing opioid-sparing or opioid-free strategies, in line with the ERAS pathway.
The cow’s peripartum period from a practical and dynamic point of view, explained through theoretical explanations and a huge collection of clinical cases. Normally, disorders or conditions occurring in the peripartum period are not independent events; they are the result of the interaction of several events occurring over time. The authors highlight here the importance of assessing bovine pathologies as a whole. It is the only manner for the clinician to anticipate conditions that may appear during the peripartum period.
