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This clinical manual on thyroid gland conditions offers an update on the concepts and clinical reality of canine hypothyroidism and feline hyperthyroidism, two processes that have been the subject of much case-based reasoning.
This book deals with pain in companion animals and how it affects their welfare, health and, of course, behaviour. It describes the difficulties encountered, throughout history, to finally reach the conclusion that animals and humans share the same neurophy- siological mechanisms to feel pain, and what their sensitive pathways are. It then goes deeper into the changes that pain can cause in the behaviour of dogs and cats and the tools available to the veterinary surgeon to control it.
The ultimate objective of root canal therapy is the three-dimensional obturation of the endodontic space after it has been completely cleaned, shaped, and disinfected.
The purpose of obturation is to seal all "portals of exit" to impede any sort of communication or exchange between the endodontium and periodontium.
First release 1.1.2023 - Available until 12.31.2023
Two canals in the same root could each have their apical foramen or converge into a single foramen. This characteristic could apply to any root containing two canals internally. Still, it is crucial to remember this when preparing the mesial canals of lower molars and mesiobuccal canals of upper molars.
The presence of two canals with separate foramen does not require any particular know-how during the preparation phase but only in the obturation phase.
When the two canals converge in a common foramen instead, it is necessary to take some precautions during the shaping phase and ascertain the presence of this anatomic peculiarity as soon as possible.
First release 1.1.2023 - Available until 12.31.2023
Perforations are pathological or iatrogenic communications between the root canal system and the attachment apparatus. The clinician must take special care to avoid tooth perforations during endodontic therapy, as perforation requires additional treatment.
First release 1.1.2023 - Available until 12.31.2023
