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The ten chapters of the volume answer these ten fundamental questions and the clinician who faces an apical pathology of endodontic origin will therefore have the solutions. The aim of this text/atlas is to provide a guide to the diagnostic approach and to the execution of endodontic retreatments of complex cases.
Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens characterized by respiratory signs comprising gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. In addition, severe respiratory distress may occur in young chickens. Respiratory distress, decrease in egg production, and loss of internal egg quality and eggshell quality have been reported in layers. Some strains of the virus produce severe kidney damage and may be associated with high mortality.
The goal of this text is to provide the reader with the tools for making an informed choice among all the available therapeutic possibilities for saving a natural tooth or replacing it with or without an osseointegrated implant.
