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The ten chapters of the volume answer these ten fundamental questions and the clinician who faces an apical pathology of endodontic origin will therefore have the solutions. The aim of this text/atlas is to provide a guide to the diagnostic approach and to the execution of endodontic retreatments of complex cases.
This book deals with pain in companion animals and how it affects their welfare, health and, of course, behaviour. It describes the difficulties encountered, throughout history, to finally reach the conclusion that animals and humans share the same neurophy- siological mechanisms to feel pain, and what their sensitive pathways are. It then goes deeper into the changes that pain can cause in the behaviour of dogs and cats and the tools available to the veterinary surgeon to control it.
The goal of this text is to provide the reader with the tools for making an informed choice among all the available therapeutic possibilities for saving a natural tooth or replacing it with or without an osseointegrated implant.
