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Fresh, direct, and phase-contrast microscopy is an easy-to-perform, replicable, and economical diagnostic technique included in the guidelines of the Centers of Disease Control of Atlanta in 2015
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of lymphohematopoietic neoplastic diseases affecting cats and dogs with a relatively high frequency and generally showing non-specific clinical signs. A correct diagnosis of the different types of leukemia (Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) and the identification of putative prognostic factors are based on the use of different laboratory tests including hematology, cytology, bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry/immunohistochemistry. A comprehensive interpretation of the laboratory results is mandatory to differentiate leukemia from leukemic lymphoma and other similar hematological diseases, accurately identify the type of leukemia, and adequately predict prognosis and tailor therapy.
Nephropathology is a unique specialization in anatomic pathology, and a complete set of analyses comprising LM, IF, and TEM should always be considered. When performing a renal biopsy, few criteria should be encountered. First, the biopsy should be considered a procedure to improve therapy, and the biopsy should be done safely. An expert and specialized neuropathologist should evaluate the tissue sample to get the most informative description using all the methods required to characterize the pathological changes. The required methods for renal biopsy evaluation include special staining protocols for light microscopic (LM) evaluation, as well as for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and immunofluorescence evaluations (IF).
The second edition of this educational atlas on dogs expands on its initial goal of helping veterinary surgeons communicate with owners by adding to the content of the first edition with 16 new sheets. Needless to say that the previous content has been revised and updated with the latest developments in each area.
Prevention has historically been limited to oral hygiene and not as frequently addressed with the condition of the entire dentition. When we practice in this manner, we are perceived as a commodity, and there is little to differentiate ourselves or our expertise. However, when we approach our patients in a comprehensive manner, our critical thinking is enhanced. We now start to look beyond restorative solutions. Considering other disciplines often leads to more predictable outcomes.
