

This book deals with the main orthopaedic conditions of the stifle joint in dogs and cats, so veterinary surgeons can assess, diagnose and treat the disorders commonly seen in their practice. It is intended to help veterinary clinicians make a correct diagnosis and prognosis and establish the most appropriate drug or surgical treatment for each case. Orthopaedic pathologies of the stifle joint contains plenty of high-quality images and illustrations as well as links to videos through QR codes, which provide additional information and contribute to making the book even more practical.
This book deals with the main orthopedic conditions of the stifle joint in dogs and cats, so veterinary surgeons can assess, diagnose, and treat the disorders commonly seen in their practice. It is intended to help veterinary clinicians make a correct diagnosis and prognosis and establish the most appropriate drug or surgical treatment for each case. Orthopaedic pathologies of the stifle joint contain plenty of high-quality images and illustrations as well as links to videos through QR codes, which provide additional information and contribute to making the book even more practical.
Authors:
José Luis Vérez-Fraguela
Licentiate Degree in Veterinary Medicine and Doctorate Degree in Animal Medicine and Health from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Extremadura (UEX). Graduate in Law from the Spanish National University of Distance Education (UNED). Teacher and researcher in the Department of Surgery at the UEX. Researcher in the Experimental Surgery Unit at the University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC). Member of the Department of Animal Medicine and Health of the UEX. Scientific adviser in veterinary orthopaedics at the Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (CCMIJU) in Cáceres (Spain). He has gained experience at universities in Europe, the United States, and Japan. Spanish National Research Award in 1998. European patent in 2011. He has undertaken various subsidized research projects and is a scientific reviewer for various journals. He is also a member of the scientific committee and an organizer for different courses, conferences, and monographs. He has over 70 publications, comprising books, essays, and original publications, and has given countless lectures and courses. Honorary President of the Spanish Society of Veterinary Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SETOV).
Roberto Köstlin
Doctorate Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the National University of the Northeast in Corrientes (Argentina). Doctorate Degree in Veterinary Medicine and teaching qualification at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich (Germany). Diploma from the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS). Senior Lecturer in Surgery at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover (Germany). Senior Lecturer in Surgery and Ophthalmology at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. Member of the scientific committee and organizer for various courses and conferences. He has published several books and has over 100 scientific publications to his credit. He has given countless international lectures on every continent. Honorary Member of the Spanish Society of Veterinary Orthopaedics and Traumatology (SETOV).
Rafael Latorre Reviriego
Professor of Veterinary Anatomy. He earned his Doctorate Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Murcia in 1990. He has gained experience at the University of Milan (Italy); the University of California, Davis (United States); the University of Cambridge (United Kingdom); the University of Tennessee (United States); and the University of London (United Kingdom). His work has largely focused on the clinical anatomy of the musculoskeletal system. He has made important contributions in the form of atlases and books, as well as scientific articles published in prestigious journals, mainly on diagnostic imaging of joints. Thanks to his involvement in developing and teaching anatomical plastination techniques as a working tool in clinical anatomy, he is now the President of the International Society for Plastination.
Salvador Climent Peris
Professor Emeritus at the University of Zaragoza since 2012 Graduate in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Zaragoza, 1969. Professor of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology since 1982. He has completed terms at the Anatomy Departments of the Faculties of Medicine at the University of Zaragoza, Madrid Complutense University, and the Free University of Brussels, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Toulouse, and the Animal Biology Department at the University of Clermont-Ferrand (France). He has been actively involved in the set-up and development of CCMIJU in Cáceres since 1986, taking part in the design, preparation, and selection of appropriate animal models for the specialisation courses in minimally invasive surgical techniques taught at the school.
Francisco Miguel Sánchez Margallo
Scientific Director of the CCMIJU in Cáceres. He earned his Licentiate Degree and Doctorate Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the UEX. Spanish Royal Academy of Doctors Award in 2001. He is a Project Manager for surgery and minimally invasive techniques related to biomaterials, medical instruments, preclinical trials, medical diagnostic imaging, endoscopy, minimally invasive surgical procedures, and new surgical technologies. He is the author of multiple patents, utility models, and industrial designs. He is a lecturer in various university postgraduate training programs and director of various official master’s degree programs and university specialist courses. He is deputy director of the Singular Spanish Scientific and Technological Infrastructure (ICTS) named Nanbiosis. There, he works in close collaboration with researchers, surgeons, physicians, entrepreneurs, and engineers in biomedicine as well as with various universities in Spain and elsewhere and hospitals and companies all over the world. He is the author of over 140 articles in high-impact publications and has contributed to over 500 papers at conferences in Spain and abroad related to surgery and surgical technology. He has actively contributed to over 80 R&D projects and has led several projects in Europe and beyond. He has directed 25 doctoral dissertations and is currently directing five predoctoral students. He is the author or co-author of 16 books and over 50 book chapters related to surgery and minimally invasive surgery. At present, he is a member of the Technology Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES), the International Society for Medical Innovation and Technology (iSMIT), the Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC), the Spanish Association of Urology (AEU), the Spanish Society of Surgical Research (SEIQ), and several Spanish and European technology platforms. He is a reviewer for many scientific publications and a member of the editorial board of several international scientific publications.
Jesús Usón Gargallo
Licentiate Degree and Doctorate Degree in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Zaragoza. He is an expert in Animal Pathology and has served for many years as a Professor in the Department of Surgical Pathology and Surgery of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Extremadura. In Aragon, he directed the School of Animal Surgery at the Experimental Institute of Surgery and Reproduction. With the idea of translating biomedicine to a technology project, in 1986, he moved to Cáceres. There, he established the starting point of the present-day Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (CCMIJU). He is currently the Honorary President of this center. In addition to his teaching work, he has had a productive research career with a particular interest in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The excellent results of his research have attracted the most renowned Spanish and foreign specialists. Today, the CCMIJU is a global landmark and a center of reference in Spain and elsewhere for research and teaching in minimally invasive surgery. He has directed over 40 doctoral dissertations and has contributed to 49 research projects in various fields of specialization such as laparoscopy, endoscopy, and microsurgery. He is the author of several books and many scientific articles published in high-impact journals and co-author of the “City of Health and Innovation” project, which will promote the transfer of technology between companies, technology agents, and universities. He has over 20 patents and industrial designs to his credit and has directed the design of 10 mobile apps. His many awards include the Gold Medal of Merit in Work and the Gold Medal of Extremadura.
Tables of contents:
1. Semiology of the stifle joint
3D drawings of the anatomical structures
Introduction
Anatomy
Bone structures
Capsuloligamentous structures
Menisci
Musculotendinous system
Clinical examination
Inspection
Palpation
Manoeuvres to detect intra-articular fluid
Manoeuvres to evaluate mobility
Arthrocentesis of the stifle joint
2.Clinical evaluation of the stifle joint and decision-making
Medical history
Clinical examination
Visual inspection
Matters and signs to be evaluated in the physical examination
Radiological examination
Therapeutic approach to soft tissue injuries
Exploratory tests of the stifle joint
Patella
Menisci and ligaments
Other structures
Algorithms for decision-making
3. Fractures of the bones related to the stifle joint
Fractures of the distal end of the femur
Aetiology of the injury
Clinical examination
Radiological examination
Treatment
Complications
Fractures of the proximal end of the tibia
Aetiopathogenesis
Clinical examination
Radiological examination
Treatment
Traumatic injuries of the patella
Contusion
Dislocation
Fracture
4. Injuries of the flexors and extensors of the stifle joint
Anatomy and biomechanics of the extensors
The quadriceps femoris muscle and its tendon of insertion
The patella
The patellar ligament and the infrapatellar fat pad
Main disorders
Rupture of the collateral ligaments
Rupture of the patellar ligament
Tearing and ossification of the tendon of origin of the long digital extensor muscle
Dislocation of the tendon of origin of the long digital extensor muscle
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Chondropathy or chondromalacia of the patella
Dislocation of the stifle joint
Fat pad abnormalities (Hoffa’s disease)
Tumours
5. Dislocation of the stifle joint and patella
Dislocation of the stifle joint
Mechanism and classification
Associated injuries
Treatment
Dislocation of the patella
Mechanism and classification
Treatment
6. Injuries of the ligaments and menisci of the stifle joint
Introduction
Biomechanics of the stifle joint
Capsule and ligaments
Menisci
Rupture of the cruciate ligaments
Biomechanics in the failure of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mechanism
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment of rupture of the cruciate ligaments
Injuries of the meniscus
Postoperative care
7. Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy using Slocum’s technique
Introduction
Basic biomechanics and history of the technique
Surgical technique
Postoperative care
8. Surgical technique for tibial tuberosity advancement
Introduction
Basic biomechanics
Preoperative plan
Surgical technique
Postoperative radiographic monitoring
Postoperative care
9. Osteochondritis dissecans and osteonecrosis
Osteochondritis dissecans
Introduction
Aetiopathogenesis and location
Diagnosis
Treatment
Osteonecrosis
Aetiopathogenesis
Epidemiology and location
Diagnosis
Treatment
10. Osteoarthritis
Introduction
Aetiopathogenesis
Basic mechanisms associated with the start of the process
Clinical implications
Pain
Limited mobility
Joint abnormalities
Treatment
Medical treatment
Surgical treatment
11. Soft tissue disease
Introduction
Intra-articular diseases
Injury in the synovial folds or plicae
Bursitis and pain in the infrapatellar fat pad
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Musculotendinous diseases
Rupture of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Contracture of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Rupture and injury of the patellar ligament
Patellar tendinitis
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Periarticular injuries
Cranial aspect
Caudal aspect
Medial aspect
Lateral aspect
Annex. Surgical approaches
Approach to the distal portion of the femur and stifle joint through a lateral incision
Approach to the medial collateral ligament and caudomedial region of the stifle joint
Approach to the lateral collateral ligament and caudolateral region of the stifle joint
Approach to the proximal portion of the tibia through a medial incision
References
Data sheet
Specific References