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Fresh, direct, and phase-contrast microscopy is an easy-to-perform, replicable, and economical diagnostic technique included in the guidelines of the Centers of Disease Control of Atlanta in 2015
In clinical medicine and in emergency medicine especially, is crucial to understand and manage the acid-base and electrolyte disorders. This text, the result of years of clinical and educational activity, is organized in three parts: acid-base balance, water and sodium and electrolytes. Clinical interpretation and therapy are discussed through clinical cases that are the main educational tools.
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of lymphohematopoietic neoplastic diseases affecting cats and dogs with a relatively high frequency and generally showing non-specific clinical signs. A correct diagnosis of the different types of leukemia (Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) and the identification of putative prognostic factors are based on the use of different laboratory tests including hematology, cytology, bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry/immunohistochemistry. A comprehensive interpretation of the laboratory results is mandatory to differentiate leukemia from leukemic lymphoma and other similar hematological diseases, accurately identify the type of leukemia, and adequately predict prognosis and tailor therapy.
Nephropathology is a unique specialization in anatomic pathology, and a complete set of analyses comprising LM, IF, and TEM should always be considered. When performing a renal biopsy, few criteria should be encountered. First, the biopsy should be considered a procedure to improve therapy, and the biopsy should be done safely. An expert and specialized neuropathologist should evaluate the tissue sample to get the most informative description using all the methods required to characterize the pathological changes. The required methods for renal biopsy evaluation include special staining protocols for light microscopic (LM) evaluation, as well as for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and immunofluorescence evaluations (IF).
In this book PNEI paradigm presents itself in its full extension: from the description of the historical and philosophical bases to the biological revolution underway; from the description of nervous, neuroendocrine, immune, and psychic systems and their reciprocal influences; to the modulation tools of the human network for preventive and therapeutic uses.
The increasing demand for complex rehabilitative dental treatments in the adult patient and in developmental age raises the need for multidisciplinary therapies. The book is intended to trace the orthodontic-periodontal relationships, analyzing how orthodontic procedures can enhance the periodontal treatment plan, increasing its predictability, integrating it, interacting in the surgical approach and, at the same time, how Periodontology increases the potential and predictability of orthodontic treatments, synergically completing them.
